Vitamin b6 deficiency: a potential cause of refractory seizures in adults.
Gerlach AT, Thomas S, Stawicki SP, Whitmill ML, Steinberg SM, Cook CH.
ABSTRACT: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011 Mar-Apr;35(2):272-5.
OBJECTIVE: In children, vitamin B(6) (pyridoxine) deficiency has been described as a cause of seizures that are refractory to conventional antiepileptic medications. We describe the clinical presentation of 3 adults with refractory seizures (later diagnosed with vitamin B(6) deficiency) that resolved after pyridoxine treatment. Design: Case series. Setting: Tertiary care surgical intensive care unit. Patients: In the first case, a 54-year-old male with history of alcoholic cirrhosis developed new-onset seizures refractory to phenytoin and levetiracetam 8 days after liver transplantation. In the second case, a 59-year-old male with hepatitis C infection developed intracranial hemorrhage and new-onset seizures refractory to phenytoin, levetiracetam, and pentobarbital. The third patient is a 78-year-old male with a history of alcohol dependence who was admitted for an intraventricular bleed and developed new onset of refractory seizures. Interventions: Intravenous pyridoxine followed by oral pyridoxine. Measurement and Main
RESULTS: In all 3 cases, seizures persisted despite escalation of conventional antiepileptic medications but resolved within 2 days of pyridoxine supplementation. In each case, low serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations normalized with pyroxidine administration.
CONCLUSIONS: Although refractory seizures caused by vitamin B(6) deficiency are rare in adults, it should be considered in critically ill adult patients with refractory seizures.
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