CONCUSSION Symptoms can Persist 1 to 2 years later! You just have to ask.

MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY mTBI is CONCUSSION.
Administrators commonly reject a family applying for 504 because concussion symptoms are temporary. 

Post-concussive symptoms after a mild traumatic

brain injury during childhood and adolescence

Nicola J. Starkey,Kelly Jones,Rosalind Case,

Alice Theadom,Suzanne Barker-Collo &Valery Feigin

Pages 617-626 | Received 08 Apr 2017, Accepted 07 Feb 2018,
Published online: 15 Feb 2018

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ABSTRACT

Objective: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common injury during childhood and adolescence but the long-term outcomes are poorly understood. This study examined post-concussive symptoms and behavioural outcomes in children and adolescents up to 24 months post-mTBI.

Method: Parents of children aged 8–15 years with mTBI completed the BASC-2 and Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire at baseline, 1-, 6-, 12- and 24 months post-injury. An age-matched traumatic brain injury-free cohort was recruited and assessed at 12- and 24 months.

Results: PCSs decreased significantly over the first 12 months post-injury.
At 12- and 24 months post-injury, the mTBI group reported more PCSs and behavioral symptoms compared to controls.

Parents of children with mTBI were more likely to report ≥4 problematic symptoms
(28% at both time points) vs  controls (7.7% and 1.7% at 12 and 24 months, respectively).

The mTBI group was 4.63 times more likely to have four or more ongoing PCS symptoms at 12 months post-injury compared to controls.

Headache was the most common acute post-injury symptom (55%)
the most commonly reported persistent symptoms were:

•  irritability, 
• frustration, 
• forgetfulness and 
• fatigue.

Conclusions: PCSs are common 2 years post-mTBI in childhood or adolescence.
Given this, additional intervention and support is needed for families post-injury.