Children with severe obstructive sleep apnea before adenotonsillectomy were more likely to experience residual symptoms after surgery, according to findings in a retrospective study.
Researchers evaluated data from 283 children younger than 3 years (mean age, 22 months). Each child underwent a preoperative polysomnogram between 2002 and 2010.
Of the study population, 61.8% were boys and 84.8% were black. According to their BMI, 46.7% of the children were obese, whereas 33.1% were classified as having a healthy weight. At baseline, 65.7% of the children had a severe apnea hypopnea index (>10).
Seventy of the children also underwent a post-adenotonsillectomypolysomnogram after a mean time of 7.7 months. Compared with the children who only underwent a preoperative polysomnogram, those who had preoperative and postoperative polysomnograms were younger (23 vs. 20 months; P=.002), shorter (81 cm vs. 79 cm; P=.04) and weighed less (13 kg vs. 11 kg; P=.01). They were also more likely to have had a severe index before surgery (22 vs. 35; P=.002) and lower mean minimal oxygen saturations (83% vs. 77%; P<.001).
Fifteen of the 70 children had residual obstructive sleep apnea (index, >5) and a significantly higher preoperative index (P=.02) compared with those without residual symptoms. However, these 15 children had a mean apnea hypopnea index that dropped from 55 to 21 (P=.03), whereas mean minimum oxygen saturations increased from 74% to 82% (P=.09) after surgery.
“Our data support the finding that, although [adenotonsillectomy] leads to a dramatic improvement in this age group, a high proportion of this population will have residual [obstructive sleep apnea],” the researchers wrote. “Although this proportion gives some insight into residual disease after [adenotonsillectomy] in this young population, the result is flawed because of the retrospective design of the study and the fact that only 25% of the children treated received postoperative [polysomnogram].”
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