Constraint Induced Therapy improved function for up to 6 months in a randomized trial!

Home based constraint therapy improved function for up to 6 months! Plasticity is great! JR

Improvement of Upper Extremity Motor Control and Function After Home-Based Constraint Induced Therapy in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Immediate and Long-Term Effects

Hsieh-ching Chen, PhD∗

, 

Chia-ling Chen, MD, PhD∗,Press enter key for correspondence informationPress enter key to Email the author

, 

Lin-ju Kang, PhD

, 

Ching-yi Wu, ScD, OTR

, 

Fei-chuan Chen, MS

, 

Wei-hsien Hong, PhD

∗H.-c. Chen and C.-l. Chen contributed equally to this work.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.03.025

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Abstract

Objective

To investigate the long-term effects of home-based constraint induced therapy (CIT) on motor control underlying functional change in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Home based.

Participants

Children with unilateral CP (N=45; aged 6–12y) were randomly assigned to receive home-based CIT (n=23) or traditional rehabilitation (TR) (n=22).

Interventions

Both groups received a 4-week therapist-based intervention at home. The home-based CIT involved intensive functional training of the more affected upper extremity during which the less affected one was restrained. The TR involved functional unimanual and bimanual training.

Main Outcome Measures

All children underwent kinematic and clinical assessments at baseline, 4 weeks (posttreatment), and 3 and 6 months (follow-up). The reach-to-grasp kinematics were reaction time (RT), normalized movement time, normalized movement unit, peak velocity (PV), maximum grip aperture (MGA), and percentage of movement where MGA occurs. The clinical measures were the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), and Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM).

Results

The home-based CIT group showed a shorter RT (P<.05) and normalized movement time (P<.01), smaller MGA (P=.006), and fewer normalized movement units (P=.014) in the reach-to-grasp movements at posttreatment and follow-up than the TR group. The home-based CIT group improved more on the PDMS-2 (P<.001) and WeeFIM (P<.01) in all posttreatment tests and on the BOTMP (P<.01) at follow-up than the TR group.

Conclusions

The home-based CIT induced better spatial and temporal efficiency (smoother movement, more efficient grasping, better movement preplanning and execution) for functional improvement up to 6 months after treatment than TR.

Keywords:

Cerebral palsy, Kinematics, Randomized controlled trial as topic, Rehabilitation

List of abbreviations:

BOTMP (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency), CIT (constraint induced therapy), CP (cerebral palsy),MGA (maximum grip aperture), PDMS-2 (Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition), PV (peak velocity), RCT (randomized controlled trial), RT (reaction time), TR (traditional rehabilitation)