Saturday, May 24, 2014

Neurobehavioral effects of developmental toxicity - What's in your garden?

 2014 Mar;13(3):330-8. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70278-3. Epub 2014 Feb 17.

Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity.



Industrial chemicals known to be toxic to the human nervous system in 2006 and 2013, according to chemical group  
Number known in 2006Number known in 2013Identified since 2006
Metals and inorganic compounds2526Hydrogen phosphide82
Organic solvents39*40Ethyl chloride83
Pesticides92101Acetamiprid,84 amitraz,85 avermectin,86 emamectin,87 fipronil (Termidor),88 glyphosate,89 hexaconazole,90 imidacloprid,91tetramethylenedisulfotetramine92
Other organic compounds46471,3-butadiene93
Total202*21412 new substances






Industrial chemicals known to cause developmental neurotoxicity in human beings in 2006 and 2013, according to chemical group
Known in 2006Newly identified
Metals and inorganic compoundsArsenic and arsenic compounds, lead, and methylmercuryFluoride and manganese
Organic solvents(Ethanol) tolueneTetrachloroethylene
PesticidesNoneChlorpyrifos and DDT/DDE
Other organic compoundsPolychlorinated biphenylsBrominated diphenyl ethers
Total6*6
DDT=dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. DDE=dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene.
*
Including ethanol.








Panel. 
Recommendations for an international clearinghouse on neurotoxicity
The main purpose of this agency would be to promote optimum brain health, not just avoidance of neurological disease, by inspiring, facilitating, and coordinating research and public policies that aim to protect brain development during the most sensitive life stages. The main efforts would aim to:
Screen industrial chemicals present in human exposures for neurotoxic effects so that hazardous substances can be identified for tighter control
Stimulate and coordinate new research to understand how toxic chemicals interfere with brain development and how best to prevent long-term dysfunctions and deficits
Function as a clearinghouse for research data and strategies by gathering and assessing documentation about brain toxicity and stimulating international collaboration on research and prevention
Promote policy development aimed at protecting vulnerable populations against chemicals that are toxic to the brain without needing unrealistic amounts of scientific proof


Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disabilities, including autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, and other cognitive impairments, affect millions of children worldwide, and some diagnoses seem to be increasing in frequency. Industrial chemicals that injure the developing brain are among the known causes for this rise in prevalence. In 2006, we did a systematic review and identified five industrial chemicals as developmental neurotoxicants: lead, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, arsenic, and toluene. Since 2006, epidemiological studies have documented six additional developmental neurotoxicants-manganese, fluoride, chlorpyrifos, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and the polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We postulate that even more neurotoxicants remain undiscovered. To control the pandemic of developmental neurotoxicity, we propose a global prevention strategy. Untested chemicals should not be presumed to be safe to brain development, and chemicals in existing use and all new chemicals must therefore be tested for developmental neurotoxicity. To coordinate these efforts and to accelerate translation of science into prevention, we propose the urgent formation of a new international clearinghouse.

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